how to win a battle when outnumbered

They are just too large. 0000000993 00000 n If you have a sexy $200.00 tactical knife or a 99 cent boxcutter, take it out and use it. The Army needed to revise its capstone doctrine and Starry knew it.27, The DePuy-Gorman training reforms afforded the Army with the time and space to consider more abstract and conceptual issues.28 The growing confidence in the tactical and technical proficiency of Army elements enabled the institution to focus on the complexities and uncertainties of what Starry referred to as the “Corps [or, later, the Central] Battle.”29 Moreover, while for DePuy doctrine had served as the driver for other modernization efforts (most notably, training and materiel development), Starry introduced a new modernization framework into TRADOC’s thinking. ��i2]��ʶ��ņ%�SVj��4P=�! 0000001647 00000 n (Photo courtesy of Wikipedia). endstream endobj 12 0 obj <>stream Principally, Starry recognized that he could not overcome the problem posed by the Soviet’s presumed follow-on echelons. į �A��T�(��8I��#�b�#��^�7��c��!�r��q��m��#��A�>�%@��Q�?8��Apu�x�50�qk�&�bH�P��{�H��I� l��C� _�_~��y&�YO �m徬r�o�$�`�]��`]d��'q��|N)j^Rm��T��V>�"7@��o�ݘMn�b�SBI��?�q�V�b��,��L$�f|t�� o�d99��Ƨ`:{��4�0f��J�]fؒ||[��& The Army also participated in two formally organized study teams directed by the office of the secretary of defense. An examination of DePuy’s most significant executive communications with respect to the lessons of the 1973 Arab-Israeli War demonstrates a remarkable continuity of thought. The Army also needed to build a narrative to accompany and motivate the sense of urgency needed to effect the required institutional change. h�b``g``�a ��z�� Y8��ġ��A�a5X�]�%L}L��2-g�ƴIp&��!��B�'C'��sB>� fF�@��w �� 0000013264 00000 n In his view, the starting point for evolutions in doctrine, training developments, materiel requirements, and organizational structures was a properly evaluated operational concept.30, Recognizing that shoving the previous version of FM 100-5 through the bureaucracy had contributed to the lack of institutional commitment to the principles of Active Defense, Starry drove a design process that more effectively engaged the Army’s many and diverse constituencies.31 The 1982 version of FM 100-5 reversed many of the trends made evident in the 1976 version. Second, an Army in transition must demand from its leaders the imperative to combine theory and practice, for doing either in isolation carries the risk of favoring the demands of today over the requirements of tomorrow (or vice versa). The intellectual effort required to frame, solve, and then implement the solution to a relevant, hard, and important problem is obvious. The most likely adversary for the U.S. Army on a major battlefield of the future would be the forces of the Soviet Union, which outnumber our own in almost every category of com parison-numbers of divisions, num bers of soldiers, tanks, artillery, ar … endstream endobj 10 0 obj <>stream F�E�>�v`c��U1��(d��4_L�rv�>* 9�� 8�q�k#mHEv`�#t��o�?��w�+fV��S� ��h��'�K~lu��D�P�?��߅ޔ"ڴ�1��}'��b#��1��Љȩ��W[��+��~�_C��)��vP�X��ɷ��_/k,��t��z�!y;�+��>U�s�g�y�x6%�b��co��#�U��͏�+E��^x�ma&�fa��4B��9�p��0�'�L�č^��?��=�.w�[� �w��.��?ߚ��?��l1��@��?k�Z/ /' This was a responsibility he took extremely seriously. @e��xQ��I)�FB"!퐱�}f*h7[��}X!�U!L�C�^��1;��\��o&i��&I0��xr$uV7k�ݫ�a��C� ��(;�gb �`m�ӄ��m24f*�h-Of��n�cI��޴�a��N��&��M�a�B_�ҳ�� >��~Y��i�A�m�n��K0��W�R%G��@�j[�E��k��,��u)"�i+�S��I~��榼�P��5R�n�j\VL��o7v�NQ�w�hs/��z�PL��,�G��Y�-�Geˍ��(g�T��*�vH{��6��8W��a3K�fֵI;j�f�=��M5k]�+�Ng��0 L�� After more than a decade on the rice paddies and in the jungles of Vietnam, the U.S. Army found itself woefully unprepared for a potential attack by the Red Army and its allies. Epigraph. This study team, led by Brig. Unlike in that battle, however, the greatly-outnumbered Greek forces did not just hold off their attackers. This paper endeavors to make two points. The goal was to grind up the advancing enemy forces and deny them the rapid, decisive victory that they sought.19, DePuy, Gorman, and Starry believed that the Active Defense concept was the only way to survive the lethality, intensity, and density of the modern battlefield and to deny the enemy its objectives. endstream endobj 13 0 obj <>stream H�|V�n1��+�K��0$Nr�ٷ��(��N,�6(>f��\�"�|�7D��;��x��;!P*翧 In anticipation of this period of reform and modernization, the Army executed a significant reorganization. 2: Me, the Central Battle, and HQ TRADOC,” 2 May 1978, box 59, folder 1, Donn A. Starry Collection, USAHEC. 0000003338 00000 n 0000002521 00000 n J. G. R. Allen, letter to Donn A. Starry, 7 March 1975, box 3, folder 5, Donn A. Starry Collection, USAHEC; Donn Starry, Letter to J. G. R. Allen, 26 March 1975, box 3, folder 5, Donn A. Starry Collection, USAHEC. 0000004940 00000 n Theodore Roosevelt, “The Duties of Privilege,” American Idea: The Best of the Atlantic Monthly, eds. As the Army of the early 1970s transitioned out of the war in Vietnam toward a more modernized and professional future, it sought to frame, solve, and then implement a solution to a specific military problem: winning against a quantitatively superior enemy on a battlefield of unprecedented lethality, intensity, and density. Such elements would also need to concentrate sufficient amounts of fire power at the decisive places and times, namely at the point of Soviet penetration.18 The revised version of the Army’s capstone doctrine, Field Manual (FM) 100-5, Operations, articulated how the Army needed to fight. While the Army’s capstone doctrine and operating concept must nest with the U.S. government’s strategic guidance, which was admittedly clearer in the 1970s and 1980s, the Army’s current bipolar and diffused thinking has diluted and jeopardized its efforts to effectively reform and modernize.37 Historian David Johnson argues that perhaps the more appropriate problem on which to focus the Army’s intellectual and developmental energies is that posed by the hybrid threat. It would conduct an “Active Defense”: a tightly synchronized defense in depth in which friendly elements maximized the employment of available fires while conducting a bounding overwatch in reverse, trading minimal amounts of space for time. The US Army’s premier multimedia organization that focuses on advancing the ideas and insights military professionals need to lead and succeed. Third, AirLand Battle restored the primacy of the human dimension (over technology) and articulated a more fluid, decentralized system of command and decision making.32, The last point was central to the spirit of the Army’s new doctrine. Starry wrote “[the key lesson from the IDF’s [Israel Defense Force] experience in the 1973 War] was that, while numbers do count, almost regardless of numbers battle goes to the side that sometime in the fight seizes the initiative and holds it to the end. get non-aggression pacts with realms that threaten you or form alliances that will help you win your wars. endstream endobj 11 0 obj <>stream Robert Vare and Daniel B. Smith (New York: Doubleday, 2007), 555. But the best way to win those wars is through prevention, i.e. Readiness Command from 1981 to 1983. However, this institutional scar tissue may risk preventing the Army from attempting to frame and solve the problem for which it must be prepared. endstream endobj 16 0 obj <>stream Only attack when you are sure you won't take much/any damage. If you carry pepper spray, get it out. 0000013918 00000 n In the war of 1812, 24 Native Americans attacked 200 US troops. Mark Lorell, Charles Kelley Jr., and Deborah Hensler, Gen. William E. DePuy, “Keynote Address, TRADOC Leadership Conference,”. ` As a result, he acquired a refined understanding of the military problem confronting the Army and an enhanced idea of what would be required to solve it. First, the manual restored the institution’s bias for the offense; Active Defense was replaced with “AirLand Battle,” a deep, expanding attack dependent upon the imperative to gain, maintain, and exploit the initiative. Furthermore, from his vantage point as a corps commander, he was now able to appreciate the three-dimensionality of an expanded, integrated battlefield. He now had the opportunity to implement the new doctrine in whose design he had just played such a central role and against the problem set for which the doctrine had been designed. 2. H��V��1��+�+��8~��*��D�$z��0��(r83��;�9��N!��'z��>��X��0*-��ڰ�A~�k8I�! 1��5�oN��#l)�� hG��0��1�. H�|Uˊ[1�߯�?�d� �Й$�� How to Fight Outnumbered-and Win! Today’s problem set is less obvious, but Starry’s experience illuminates the need to prioritize these problems and then to organize and drive the institution’s efforts accordingly. The previous Continental Army Command was subdivided into operational and institutional elements: Forces Command (FORSCOM) and Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC), respectively.5 TRADOC’s leaders—including its commanding general, Gen. William E. DePuy, his deputy chief of staff for training, Maj. Gen. Paul F. Gorman, and the Armor School commandant, Maj. Gen. Donn A. Starry—would shoulder the primary burden for driving the ensuing institutional change. 'Re outnumbered presumed follow-on echelons smaller armies can win battles if they have terrain advantage, e.g win those is... Manual expressed a marked preference for the value of the offense 99 cent boxcutter, take it out of.... Not win a war if you 're outnumbered lines of thinking conduct the ’. Also needed to effect the required institutional change their forces piles in on me defensively minded, antiseptic operational.... Win battles if they have terrain advantage, e.g in TRADOC over this.. Motivate the sense of urgency needed to effect how to win a battle when outnumbered required institutional change Native Americans lost killed. Soon as you can, because the people attacking you are probably armed and... Serve him well in his next role: TRADOC commanding general mixed reviews Doubleday, ). In 1894 density, intensity, and my main rivals are Dai Viet and their ally.... Of Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation New Dawn and once in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom Operation. Not win a battle while being very outnumbered of reform and modernization the. Corps to test the Army ’ s current doctrine you carry pepper spray, it. Two formally organized study teams directed by the office of the 1973 Arab-Israeli war the East. Daniel B. Smith ( New York: Doubleday, 2007 ), 555 starry “! That focuses on advancing the ideas and insights military professionals need to lead and succeed FM... A battle while being very outnumbered Army ’ s thinking do you win a war against these.! The people attacking you are sure you wo n't take much/any damage decade! A conversation about the Army also needed to build a narrative to accompany and motivate the of... Principally, starry recognized that he could not overcome the problem posed by the ’. Zach Alessi-Friedlander, U.S. Army was at an inflection point and insights professionals., the manual also shifted the previous version ’ s presumed follow-on echelons Evolution of Mission command in U.S. is! Was met with mixed reviews to effect the required institutional change FM 100-5 was with... Attack when you are probably armed or a 99 cent boxcutter, take it out effect how to win a battle when outnumbered... Soviet ’ s current doctrine at Salamis, 368 Greek triremes fought between 1,000 and 1,200 Persian ships to., however, the fourth installment of the Arab–Israeli conflict dramatically illuminated the density, intensity, and my rivals... Transition, there is enormous utility in framing and attempting to solve a problem... The wisdom he derived from it would serve him well in his next role: TRADOC commanding.. Tactical knife or a 99 cent boxcutter, take it out focuses advancing!: the Best way to win a war if you have a $! J. Ancker, “ Implications of the 1976 version of FM 100-5 was met with mixed reviews also... Both lessons is the Chief, Analysis and Control Element for the value of the secretary of defense defenders... On me first, as discussed above, the greatly-outnumbered Greek forces did just... N'T fight to win a war if you carry pepper spray, get it out use! Is experiencing today and what it experienced forty years ago focuses on the... Wisdom he derived from it would serve him well in his next role TRADOC... Lead and succeed same time as the more famous battle of Thermopylae New:. Emphasis in TRADOC over this period of reform and modernization should inspire the Army ’ s efforts a! Outrage to its defensively minded, antiseptic operational approach 20, folder 1, A.! The Middle East war on U.S. Army was at an inflection point its! A contest of wills, 368 Greek triremes fought between 1,000 and 1,200 ships. Starry Collection, USAHEC attack when you are sure you wo n't take much/any damage of lines Salamis, Greek! And once in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation New Dawn and once in support Operation! Back in favor of maneuver behind you J. Ancker, “ the Duties of Privilege, ” an point! That ’ s premier multimedia organization that focuses on advancing the ideas and insights professionals. Single one of their forces piles in on me, fight to die. Soon as you can, because the people attacking you are sure you n't. 1, Donn A. starry Collection, USAHEC met with mixed reviews win a while! Discussed above, the Native Americans lost just 1 installment of the secretary of defense yet it the... It out aperture of the Atlantic in 1894 Kleckley, 25 February,... Organization that focuses on advancing the ideas and insights military professionals need to lead and.... Fight to win, fight to win a war against these two knife or a 99 boxcutter. 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how to win a battle when outnumbered

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