Pig iron is an unrefined product that has been converted from iron ore, one step in the process to create steel. Pig Iron comprises three main types: BASIC PIG IRON, used mainly in electric arc steelmaking, FOUNDRY PIG IRON used in mainly in the manufacture of grey iron castings in cupola furnaces, and NODULAR PIG IRON (SG GRADE) used in the manufacture of ductile iron castings. Charcoal and anthracite are also used as fuel and reductant.Pig iron is produced by smelting or iron ore in blast furnaces or by smelting ilmenite in electric furnaces.The vast majority of pig iron is produced and consumed within integrated steel mill complexes. This type of pig iron is produced from the specific sources of iron ore. Due to the stable physical as well as chemical analysis it enables the variability of melting and a robust control over the composition of final casting. Pig iron has a very high carbon content, typically 3.8–4.7%,[1] along with silica and other constituents of dross, which makes it very brittle and not useful directly as a material except for limited applications.[2]. Pig Iron and Wrought Iron are two types of metals with composition of different components. White pig iron (Grades 4) Wagner[7] has postulated a possible link via Persian contacts with China along the Silk Road and Viking contacts with Persia,[5] but there is a chronological gap between the Viking period and Lapphyttan. This results in the production of pig iron which is high in carbon content. "REMINISCENCES OF THE EARLY ANTHRACITE-IRON INDUSTRY", https://www.persee.fr/doc/befeo_0336-1519_1995_num_82_1_2347, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pig_iron&oldid=986561208, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 1 November 2020, at 16:47. Pig iron is used for steel making, Foundries, Alloy making, in automotive castings and other iron based castings. This type of pig iron is also known as HPPI and is characterized by its lower contents of sulfur, phosphorus, and manganese. Pig iron was not produced in Europe before the Middle Ages. The hot metal was then poured into a steelmaking vessel to produce steel, typically an electric arc furnace, induction furnace or basic oxygen furnace, where the excess carbon is burned off and the alloy composition controlled. Earlier processes for this included the finery forge, the puddling furnace, the Bessemer process, and the open hearth furnace. Creation of pearlite in the final casting is promoted because of the high iron content on the pig iron. Foundry grade of pig iron is mostly being used in iron foundries for remelting and casting into cast iron products. Pig iron is not a very strong metal because it has large of amounts of carbon in it. Bengal Iron CorporationFounded in 1965, BIC has created a legacy of trust for itself in manufacturing and supplying premium cast iron products specialising in manhole covers, pipes and pipe fittings. There are three types of merchant pig iron, which are as follows: Attributes and Application of Foundry Pig Iron for the Grey Iron Casting. [6] It remains to be established whether these northern European developments derive from Chinese ones. This causes the dissolved impurities (such as silicon) to be thoroughly oxidized. An intermediate product of puddling is known as refined pig iron, finers metal, or refined iron. Pig iron, crude iron obtained directly from the blast furnace and cast in molds. Types of Pig Iron and Its Applications for Casting Requirements. With its defined and closely controlled specification and the absence of metallic impurities, pig iron is a reliable and consistent charge material for both electric steelmaking and ferrous castings production. The Chinese were making pig iron by the later Zhou dynasty (which ended in 256 BC). The cold pig iron is known as merchant pig iron, which is cast into blocks or ingots. Grey pig iron (Grades 1, 2 and 3) Grey pig iron contains about 3% carbon in free form (i.e., graphite form) and about 1% carbon in combined form. Pig Iron comprises three main types: BASIC PIG IRON, used mainly in electric arc steelmaking, FOUNDRY PIG IRON used in mainly in the manufacture of grey iron castings in cupola furnaces, and NODULAR PIG IRON (SG GRADE) used in the manufacture of ductile iron castings. Pig iron, principally nodular pig iron, is also produced through the smelting of ilmenite in electric furnaces, as a by-product of titanium dioxide slag production. An intermediate product of puddling is known as refined pig iron, finers metal, or refined iron.[9]. Traditionally, pig iron was worked into wrought iron in finery forges, later puddling furnaces, and more recently, into steel. These classifications are also termed as grades.
types of pig iron
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